tower packing and tower fill materialsareused in cooling towers to provide a high surface area forsteamcondensation without restricting air flow. Tower packing is amassof inert, solid shapes. Within a cylindrical column, itprovides agreater surface area for the gas and liquid in a webscrubber tomake contact. Applications for tower packing includeaeration, acidgas scrubbing, catalytic gas scrubbing,distillation,precipitation, particulate removal, and mistelimination. Towerpacking is also used in water treatment,direct-contact hot waterproduction, oxygenation, degasification,absorption, desorption,rectification, extraction, desalting,drying, mixing, fish farming,biological filtering, and thetreatment of greenhouse gases.